The full solution is below, with a short explanation for each group. To avoid spoilers, play the puzzle or open the hints page before reading the answer panels.
COVER, SPINE, CHAPTER, and INDEX all fit the category "Book parts". They help make up a printed book. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Fast things
SPRINTER / ARROW / COMET / FALCON
SPRINTER, ARROW, COMET, and FALCON all fit the category "Fast things". Speed is the common thread. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Photo terms
FOCUS / FLASH / LENS / SHUTTER
FOCUS, FLASH, LENS, and SHUTTER all fit the category "Photo terms". A camera owner knows these. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Things with lanes
ROAD / TRACK / BOWLING / POOL
ROAD, TRACK, BOWLING, and POOL all fit the category "Things with lanes". Movement is organized into lanes. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.