The full solution is below, with a short explanation for each group. To avoid spoilers, play the puzzle or open the hints page before reading the answer panels.
KELP, REEF, TIDE, and WAVE all fit the category "Ocean words". They belong near salt water. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Things with keys
MAP / PIANO / LOCK / HOTEL
MAP, PIANO, LOCK, and HOTEL all fit the category "Things with keys". Each one can be associated with keys. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Winter words
PARKA / SLED / FROST / ICICLE
PARKA, SLED, FROST, and ICICLE all fit the category "Winter words". Cold weather brings these out. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Photo terms
SHUTTER / FLASH / FOCUS / LENS
SHUTTER, FLASH, FOCUS, and LENS all fit the category "Photo terms". A camera owner knows these. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.