The full solution is below, with a short explanation for each group. To avoid spoilers, play the puzzle or open the hints page before reading the answer panels.
SEED, PIXEL, ATOM, and BYTE all fit the category "Tiny units". Smallness connects them. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Ocean words
TIDE / REEF / WAVE / KELP
TIDE, REEF, WAVE, and KELP all fit the category "Ocean words". They belong near salt water. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Things that ring
PHONE / CASHIER / ALARM / BELL
PHONE, CASHIER, ALARM, and BELL all fit the category "Things that ring". Each can make a ringing sound. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.
Category
Board game pieces
TOKEN / PAWN / TILE / DIE
TOKEN, PAWN, TILE, and DIE all fit the category "Board game pieces". You might move or roll these on a tabletop. The shared link accounts for all four words, which is why the remaining board words should be tested against a different rule.